It is possible that medical interventions might improve outcomes for these babies, if they can be identified. Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to detect the movement of blood in vessels. Monitor the following side effects: hemorrhage, fever, nausea, and cramps.One of the main aims of routine antenatal care is to identify babies who are not thriving in the womb.
Inform the client that this drug passes into breast milk and its use is contraindicated during pregnancy. Keep AquaMEPHYTON (vitamin K) on hand in case of Coumadin overdose. Obtain baseline coagulation studies while on therapy. Women on anticoagulant therapy should not be given estrogen or aspirin. Monitor for the following side effects hemorrhage, bruising urticaria, and thrombocytopenia. Inform the client that this drug does not pass into breast milk. 
Avoid IM injections to avoid formation of hematomas.Assess client for bleeding from nose, gums, hematuria, and blood in stool.Keep protamine sulfate readily available in case of heparin overdose.
Doppler ultrasound pregnancy for nclex serial#
Obtain serial coagulation studies while the client is on therapy. Women on anticoagulopathy therapy should no be given estrogen or aspirin. Interferes with hepatic synthesis of vitamin K –dependent clotting factors (II,VII, IX, X). Implement measures to prevent complications of bed rest (e.g., bed placed in Trendelenburg position, use of footboard, passive or active range of motion exercises, frequent shifts in position, and adequate fluid intake and output).ĭrug Chart Medications Used for Postpartum Complications. Prepare the client for diagnostic studies (ie, venography and Doppler ultrasound), as indicated. Caution: Do not administer estrogens for lactation suppression, because estrogens may encourage clot formation. Usually, protamine sulfate solution is administered intravenously at a rate no greater than 50 mg every 10 minutes (see Drug Chart) Administer anticoagulant therapy as prescribed, and observe for signs of bleeding and allergic reactions, Note: Keep the antidote protamine sulfate available in case of a severe heparin overdose. Assess extremities for signs of inflammation, swelling, and the presence of Homans sign. Promote resolution of symptoms and prevent the development of embolus. Impedance plethysmography measures changes in venous blood volume and flow.ġ. Real-time and color Doppler ultrasound will diagnose deep venous thrombosis. There are risks associated with the radiopaque dye that is used. Pulmonary embolism is heralded by sudden intense chest pain with severe dyspnea followed by tachypnea, pleuritic pain, apprehension, cough, tachycardia, hemoptysis, and temperature above 38☌ (100.4☏).Ģ. Femoral thrombophlebitis, generally occurring 10 to 14 days after delivery, produces chills, fever, malaise, stiffness, and pain. Pelvic thrombophlebitis, typically occurring 2 weeks after delivery, is marked by chills, fever, malaise, and pain. However, the presence of Homans sign is no longer believed to be conclusive because the pain may result from other causes such as strained muscles or contusions. 
DVT symptoms include muscle pain, the presence of humans sign (ie, pain in the calf on passive dorsiflexion of the foot, possibly caused by DVT).Superficial thrombophlebitis within the saphenous vein system manifests as midcalf pain, tenderness, redness, and warmth along the vein.However, the possibility exists if the birth is by cesarean section. Injury to the innermost layer of the vessel is probably not contributory, in general, during pregnancy.This increase is accompanied by a decrease in plasminogen and antithrombin III, which cause clots to disintegrate.
The level of most coagulation factors (especially fibrinogen, and factors III, VII, and X) are increased during pregnancy.Both venous stasis (in pelvis and lower extremities) and hypercoagulable blood are present during pregnancy.The three major causes of thrombus formation and inflammation are venous stasis, hypercoagulable blood, and injury to the innermost layer of the blood vessel.The incidence of postpartum thrombophlebitis is 0.1% to 1%, when not treated, 24% of these develop pulmonary embolism, with a fatality rate of 15%.Pulmonary embolism occurs when a clot travelling through the venous system lodges within the pulmonary circulatory system, causing occlusion or infarction.A thrombus forms when blood components (platelets and fibrin) combine to form an aggregate body (clot).Thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of the vascular endothelium with clot formation on the vessel wall.
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